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October 28, 2026

HIV预防指南:PrEP与PEP有什么区别?什么时候需要服用?

重点整理 • PrEP(暴露前预防)是HIV阴性人士在可能接触HIV之前每天服用的预防药,按时服用可把透过性行为感染HIV的风险降低约99%。 • PEP(暴露后预防)是在可能接触HIV之后的紧急用药,必须在72小时内开始,越早越好,并连续服用28天。 • 简单来说,PrEP适合持续有风险的人,PEP适合偶发的高风险接触,例如安全套破裂。 • 两者都必须由医生处方,并在开始前做HIV检测;PrEP还需要检查肾功能和乙型肝炎。 • 在马来西亚,PrEP和PEP可在私人诊所取得,部分政府卫生诊所也为高风险人士提供PrEP。费用视诊所、药物品牌和所需检查而定。   谈到HIV,很多人仍然感到害怕或尴尬,不知道该向谁询问。根据马来西亚卫生部2024年的数据,全国共有3,185宗新HIV病例,其中96%是透过性行为传染,而约四分之三的新病例介于20至39岁。 好消息是,HIV预防已经比过去有效得多。PrEP和PEP是两种常被提起的HIV预防药,但不少人分不清它们的区别,也不确定自己什么时候需要服用。本文将以简单易懂的方式,为您整理PrEP与PEP的资讯,包括它们如何发挥作用、适合哪些人、需要做哪些检查,以及在马来西亚的价钱。 PrEP是什么? PrEP是英文Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis的缩写,意思是“暴露前预防”。它是一种给HIV阴性但感染风险较高的人士服用的预防药,在可能接触HIV之前就开始服用。 马来西亚最常用的PrEP药是一种每天服用一次的药丸,含有两种抗逆转录病毒药物:tenofovir和emtricitabine。 PrEP是如何预防HIV的? 每天按时服用PrEP,药物会在血液和身体组织中维持足够的浓度。如果HIV病毒进入体内,药物能阻止病毒复制,从而避免形成永久感染。 需要注意的是,保护并不是吃第一颗药就立即生效。一般来说,就肛交而言,每天服用约7天后可达到最高保护;就阴道性行为和注射毒品而言,则需要每天服用约21天。 PrEP预防HIV的效果有多好? 根据美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)的资料,按照指示服用PrEP,可把透过性行为感染HIV的风险降低约99%;对于注射毒品的人士,风险至少可降低74%。 效果高度取决于是否按时服药。如果经常漏服,保护力会明显下降。 PEP是什么? PEP是英文Post-Exposure […]
October 28, 2026

Apa Itu PrEP HIV? Cara Mencegah HIV dan Harga Ubat Pencegahan HIV di Malaysia

Perkara Utama • PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) ialah ubat pencegahan yang diambil oleh individu yang HIV negatif untuk mengurangkan risiko dijangkiti HIV. • Apabila diambil seperti yang […]
October 28, 2026

Vaginal Laxity After Childbirth: Causes, Natural Recovery, and Treatment Options

Key Takeaways • Vaginal laxity is a feeling of looseness in the vagina, most commonly after vaginal childbirth. It is common, but many women feel too […]
October 28, 2026

Ultherapy for Neck Tightening: Can It Improve Loose Skin and Neck Wrinkles?

Key Takeaways • The neck often shows ageing earlier than the face because its skin is thinner, has fewer oil glands and is often left out […]
October 28, 2026

Fat Melting Injection Malaysia: Before & After, Cost and Side Effects

Key Takeaways • A fat melting injection uses a solution, often based on phosphatidylcholine or deoxycholate, that breaks down fat cells in small, targeted areas. • […]
October 27, 2026

Why Is Belly Fat So Hard to Lose? Causes and Effective Reduction Options

Key Takeaways • Belly fat comes in two types: subcutaneous fat, which you can pinch, and visceral fat, which sits deep around the organs. They behave […]
September 24, 2026

Shockwave Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction and What Results to Expect

Key Takeaways Low-intensity shockwave therapy uses sound wave energy aimed at penile tissue to encourage the growth of new, small blood vessels over time. It is […]
September 24, 2026

P-Shot for Erectile Dysfunction: How PRP Injection Therapy Works and What to Expect

Key Takeaways The P-Shot involves injecting a concentration of platelets drawn from the patient’s own blood into penile tissue, aiming to support blood flow and tissue […]
September 24, 2026

How Long Does Ultherapy Last? Results Timeline and Maintenance Guide

Key Takeaways Ultherapy uses focused ultrasound energy to stimulate collagen production in the deeper layers of the skin, without cutting or damaging the surface. Results build […]