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October 28, 2026

HIV预防指南:PrEP与PEP有什么区别?什么时候需要服用?

重点整理 • PrEP(暴露前预防)是HIV阴性人士在可能接触HIV之前每天服用的预防药,按时服用可把透过性行为感染HIV的风险降低约99%。 • PEP(暴露后预防)是在可能接触HIV之后的紧急用药,必须在72小时内开始,越早越好,并连续服用28天。 • 简单来说,PrEP适合持续有风险的人,PEP适合偶发的高风险接触,例如安全套破裂。 • 两者都必须由医生处方,并在开始前做HIV检测;PrEP还需要检查肾功能和乙型肝炎。 • 在马来西亚,PrEP和PEP可在私人诊所取得,部分政府卫生诊所也为高风险人士提供PrEP。费用视诊所、药物品牌和所需检查而定。   谈到HIV,很多人仍然感到害怕或尴尬,不知道该向谁询问。根据马来西亚卫生部2024年的数据,全国共有3,185宗新HIV病例,其中96%是透过性行为传染,而约四分之三的新病例介于20至39岁。 好消息是,HIV预防已经比过去有效得多。PrEP和PEP是两种常被提起的HIV预防药,但不少人分不清它们的区别,也不确定自己什么时候需要服用。本文将以简单易懂的方式,为您整理PrEP与PEP的资讯,包括它们如何发挥作用、适合哪些人、需要做哪些检查,以及在马来西亚的价钱。 PrEP是什么? PrEP是英文Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis的缩写,意思是“暴露前预防”。它是一种给HIV阴性但感染风险较高的人士服用的预防药,在可能接触HIV之前就开始服用。 马来西亚最常用的PrEP药是一种每天服用一次的药丸,含有两种抗逆转录病毒药物:tenofovir和emtricitabine。 PrEP是如何预防HIV的? 每天按时服用PrEP,药物会在血液和身体组织中维持足够的浓度。如果HIV病毒进入体内,药物能阻止病毒复制,从而避免形成永久感染。 需要注意的是,保护并不是吃第一颗药就立即生效。一般来说,就肛交而言,每天服用约7天后可达到最高保护;就阴道性行为和注射毒品而言,则需要每天服用约21天。 PrEP预防HIV的效果有多好? 根据美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)的资料,按照指示服用PrEP,可把透过性行为感染HIV的风险降低约99%;对于注射毒品的人士,风险至少可降低74%。 效果高度取决于是否按时服药。如果经常漏服,保护力会明显下降。 PEP是什么? PEP是英文Post-Exposure […]
October 28, 2026

Apa Itu PrEP HIV? Cara Mencegah HIV dan Harga Ubat Pencegahan HIV di Malaysia

Perkara Utama • PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) ialah ubat pencegahan yang diambil oleh individu yang HIV negatif untuk mengurangkan risiko dijangkiti HIV. • Apabila diambil seperti yang […]
October 28, 2026

Vaginal Laxity After Childbirth: Causes, Natural Recovery, and Treatment Options

Key Takeaways • Vaginal laxity is a feeling of looseness in the vagina, most commonly after vaginal childbirth. It is common, but many women feel too […]
October 28, 2026

Ultherapy for Neck Tightening: Can It Improve Loose Skin and Neck Wrinkles?

Key Takeaways • The neck often shows ageing earlier than the face because its skin is thinner, has fewer oil glands and is often left out […]
October 28, 2026

Ultherapy vs Thread Lift: Which Facial Lifting Approach Should You Consider?

Key Takeaways • Ultherapy uses focused ultrasound energy to heat deep layers of the skin and stimulate collagen, giving a gradual lift and tightening over two […]
October 28, 2026

Fat Melting Injection Malaysia: Before & After, Cost and Side Effects

Key Takeaways • A fat melting injection uses a solution, often based on phosphatidylcholine or deoxycholate, that breaks down fat cells in small, targeted areas. • […]
October 27, 2026

Why Is Belly Fat So Hard to Lose? Causes and Effective Reduction Options

Key Takeaways • Belly fat comes in two types: subcutaneous fat, which you can pinch, and visceral fat, which sits deep around the organs. They behave […]
October 27, 2026

Filler Granulomas: What Causes Them and How Are They Treated?

Key Takeaways • A filler granuloma is a firm lump that forms when the immune system walls off filler material with a cluster of inflammatory cells. […]
October 27, 2026

Lumps After Lip Fillers: What’s Normal and When Should You Worry?

Key Takeaways • Small bumps, firmness and uneven swelling in the first one to two weeks after lip filler are common and usually settle on their […]